Experiencing Japan's Traditional Culture and Charm at the Sento: Heartwarming Moments Beyond the Steam

1. What is a Sento? Its History and Role

What is a Sento?

A Sento is a traditional Japanese public bathhouse that has long served as a community space. In times when homes did not have private baths, people would cleanse themselves and socialize at the Sento as part of their daily routine.

Sentos became widespread during the Edo period and became an essential part of everyday life for the common people. Initially, they featured steam baths, but later evolved into the style of soaking in hot water baths that we see today.

The Golden Age and Decline of Sentos

During the 1950s to 1970s (Showa 30-40s), Sentos reached their peak, with around 18,000 establishments nationwide. However, the number of Sentos has since declined to about 1,800 due to the spread of private home baths, urban development, and a lack of successors. Despite this, the recent "retro boom" and "sauna boom" have led to a renewed appreciation for the value of Sentos.

2. Features of Sento

① Miyazukuri Architecture

The entrance of a Sento often features Miyazukuri architecture, reminiscent of shrines and temples, characterized by its imposing roof and spacious entrance. Known as "Miyazukuri Sentos," these bathhouses are cherished for their traditional architectural style.

Features of Miyazukuri Sentos:

・Large roof with karahafu (curved gables)

・High ceilings and spacious bathing areas

・The beauty of traditional wooden Japanese architecture

・Retro signs above the entrance

Representative Miyazukuri Sentos:

・Tsubameyu (Taito Ward, Tokyo): The first registered tangible cultural property in Tokyo

・Inariyu (Kita Ward, Tokyo): Preserves traditional Miyazukuri architecture

② Painted Murals and Tile Decorations

The bathing rooms of Sentos feature painted murals that cover entire walls, often depicting iconic Japanese landscapes such as Mount Fuji. This tradition began in the early Showa period and each mural is hand-painted by skilled artisans.

Charm of Painted Murals:

・Commonly depict Japanese landscapes (Mount Fuji, pine trees, rivers, countryside, etc.)

・Cover large walls, creating a sense of openness

・Originated in Tokyo, a unique feature of Japanese Sentos

Tile Decorations:

・Beautiful mosaic tiles used on floors and walls

・Designs often include animals and floral patterns

・Some Sentos feature traditional Japanese motifs

③ The Bandai and Changing Room

Traditional Sentos have a reception counter called Bandai. The owner or manager usually sits here, creating a space for interaction with regular customers.

Features of Bandai:

・Located right at the entrance, overseeing both the men's and women's baths

・Serves as a reception and a social hub for locals

・Symbolizes the Sento culture of the Showa era

In recent years, more Sentos have adopted a front desk style, where the reception counter is separate.

④ Types of Baths

Sentos typically feature multiple baths with different types of water and temperatures.

Common Baths in Japanese Sentos:

・Main Bath (around 42°C): The largest bath, central to the Sento experience

・Lukewarm Bath (around 38°C): A cooler bath for a more relaxed soak

・Electric Bath: Uses mild electric currents for a massaging effect

・Jet Bath: Features bubbles and jet streams for relaxation

・Cold Bath: Essential for cooling down after a sauna

Additionally, some Sentos use natural hot springs, allowing visitors to enjoy an onsen experience even in urban areas.

Representative Natural Hot Spring Sentos:

・Hasunuma Onsen (Ota Ward, Tokyo): Known for its black hot spring water

・Musashi-Koyama Onsen Shimizuyu (Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo): Offers two types of natural hot springs

3. Summary

Japanese Sento culture is rich with charm, from its architecture and baths to its painted murals, Bandai, and post-bath traditions. If you ever have the chance to visit Japan, be sure to step through the "noren" curtain. Beyond the steam, you'll find a scene of heartfelt connections that the Japanese have cherished for generations.